Immune, Gut & LongevityEpitalon, MOTS-c, humanin and FOXO4-DRI are marketed as telomere-lengthening, anti-aging peptides. We grade the real evidence — replicated cell-culture data, animal healthspan signals, and the total absence of a qualifying human anti-aging trial.
Immune, Gut & Longevity12 MIN READ
Energy, Cognition & MoodA clinical, evidence-first ranking of the peptides marketed for mitochondrial dysfunction — elamipretide (SS-31), MOTS-c, humanin and the SHLP family. Only one has any human bioenergetic data, and even that was acute and reversible.
Energy, Cognition & Mood12 MIN READ
Weight Loss & MetabolicA clinical-evidence ranking of the peptides marketed for insulin sensitivity and blood-sugar control — the incretin drugs that actually work in human RCTs, and the 'mitochondrial' research peptides that do not yet.
Weight Loss & Metabolic13 MIN READ
Energy, Cognition & MoodA clinical, evidence-first review of the peptides marketed for fatigue and low energy — elamipretide (SS-31), thymosin alpha-1, MOTS-c, CJC-1295 and ipamorelin. The blunt headline: no peptide has a positive fatigue RCT in healthy people.
Energy, Cognition & Mood12 MIN READ
Injuries & OrthopedicsAn evidence-graded review of the peptides marketed for endurance and aerobic performance — elamipretide (SS-31), MOTS-c and AOD-9604. The honest 2026 verdict: no peptide is proven to raise VO₂max or race performance in healthy humans, the category is preclinical-dominant, and MOTS-c is WADA-banned at all times.
Injuries & Orthopedics13 MIN READ
Energy, Cognition & MoodA clinical, evidence-first look at the peptides marketed for ME/CFS — thymosin alpha-1, elamipretide (SS-31), MOTS-c and cerebrolysin. The honest headline: no peptide has a completed CFS efficacy trial.
Energy, Cognition & Mood12 MIN READ
Immune, Gut & LongevityAn evidence-first ranking of the peptides most studied for aging and healthspan — elamipretide, GHK-Cu, thymalin, epitalon and MOTS-c — separating real human data from rodent and in-vitro hype.
Immune, Gut & Longevity12 MIN READ
Peptide EncyclopediaA clinical monograph on the mitochondrial-derived peptide (MDP) axis — MOTS-c, humanin and the small humanin-like peptides (SHLP). One coherent mechanism, three very different maturity tiers, and zero approved human therapies.
Peptide Encyclopedia12 MIN READ
Peptide EncyclopediaA clinical monograph on MOTS-c — the 16-amino-acid mitochondrial-derived peptide marketed as an 'exercise mimetic' and metabolic regulator. Striking rodent data, no completed human efficacy trial, and an unsettled 2026 legal status.
Peptide Encyclopedia11 MIN READ