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Peptide Encyclopedia

A clinical, evidence-graded monograph for every peptide.

The Peptide Encyclopedia is our A-Z reference of individual peptide monographs. Each entry covers what a peptide is, how it works, the strength of the human and preclinical evidence behind it (graded A-D), the doses and routes reported in the literature, its documented risks, and its current FDA and anti-doping status — every claim tied to a real, verifiable source. It is the reference spine of the site, written for readers who want the clinical record rather than the hype.

Peptide Encyclopedia

GHRP-2 (Pralmorelin): Evidence, Mechanism & Legal Status

A clinical monograph on GHRP-2 (pralmorelin) — the ghrelin-receptor agonist approved in Japan as a single-dose GH-deficiency diagnostic. Grade-A acute GH provocation, no chronic-use evidence, and a restrictive 2026 legal status.

By Marcus Feld, PharmD, BCPS 11 MIN READ
Peptide Encyclopedia

GHK-Cu: Evidence, Mechanism, Dosing & Legal Status

A clinical monograph on GHK-Cu (copper tripeptide-1) — the endogenous copper-binding peptide with genuine topical human data for skin and wound healing, and a speculative injectable story with no controlled human evidence.

By Elena Soto, PharmD 12 MIN READ
Peptide Encyclopedia

Follistatin / Follistatin-344: Evidence, Mechanism & Legal Status

A clinical monograph on follistatin and FS-344 — the activin-myostatin trap marketed for muscle growth. Real human signal exists only as small gene-therapy trials; the injectable peptide has no validated efficacy.

By Marcus Feld, PharmD, BCPS 11 MIN READ
Peptide Encyclopedia

FGL (FGLL): Evidence, Mechanism, Dosing & Legal Status

A clinical monograph on FGL (FGLL) — the NCAM-derived FGFR1 agonist peptide marketed for memory and neuroprotection. Deep rodent data, one single-dose human safety study, and zero efficacy proof in people.

By Marcus Feld, PharmD, BCPS 11 MIN READ
Peptide Encyclopedia

Biotinoyl Tripeptide-1 (Biotinyl-GHK) for Hair: Evidence & Safety

A clinical monograph on Biotinoyl Tripeptide-1 — the biotinylated GHK matrikine peptide behind Procapil. Modest, consistent hair-density benefits in combination formulations, but no isolated-molecule human trial.

By Marcus Feld, PharmD, BCPS 10 MIN READ
Peptide Encyclopedia

Epithalamin: Evidence, Mechanism, Dosing & Legal Status

A clinical monograph on epithalamin — the bovine pineal-gland peptide extract that is the natural precursor of synthetic epitalon. A provocative single-program human mortality dataset, no independent RCT, and an unsettled 2026 legal status.

By Marcus Feld, PharmD, BCPS 11 MIN READ
Peptide Encyclopedia

Epitalon: Evidence, Mechanism, Dosing & Legal Status

A clinical monograph on epitalon (epithalon, AEDG) — the synthetic pineal tetrapeptide marketed as a telomerase-activating geroprotector. Real circadian and cell-culture signals, no Western RCT, and a 2026 FDA inflection point.

By Elena Soto, PharmD 11 MIN READ
Peptide Encyclopedia

Pinealon (EDR): Evidence, Mechanism, Dosing & Legal Status

A clinical monograph on Pinealon (Glu-Asp-Arg / EDR), the Khavinson ultrashort neuroprotective tripeptide. Reproducible preclinical antioxidant data, no human RCT, and an unapproved 2026 legal status.

By Marcus Feld, PharmD, BCPS 10 MIN READ
Peptide Encyclopedia

DSIP: Evidence, Mechanism, Dosing & 2026 FDA Status

A clinical monograph on DSIP (delta sleep-inducing peptide / emideltide) — the endogenous nonapeptide marketed for sleep, withdrawal and pain. Thin, dated human data, an unidentified receptor, and a pivotal 2026 FDA compounding review.

By Marcus Feld, PharmD, BCPS 11 MIN READ
Peptide Encyclopedia

Dihexa: Evidence, Mechanism, Dosing & Legal Status

A clinical monograph on dihexa — the angiotensin IV-derived nootropic peptide promoted for cognition. Its evidence is preclinical only, its foundational mechanism papers were retracted for fraud, and its clinical prodrug failed an Alzheimer's trial.

By Marcus Feld, PharmD, BCPS 12 MIN READ
Peptide Encyclopedia

Dulaglutide: Evidence, Mechanism, Dosing & Legal Status

A clinical monograph on dulaglutide (Trulicity) — the once-weekly GLP-1-Fc fusion biologic with Grade A human RCT evidence for glycemic control and a 12% cardiovascular event reduction.

By Marcus Feld, PharmD, BCPS 11 MIN READ
Peptide Encyclopedia

Davalintide: Evidence, Mechanism & Legal Status

A clinical monograph on davalintide (AC2307) — Amylin Pharmaceuticals' second-generation amylin-mimetic peptide. Robust rodent fat-loss data, one unreported Phase 2 trial, and a program discontinued in 2010.

By Marcus Feld, PharmD, BCPS 11 MIN READ
Peptide Encyclopedia

Cortagen: Evidence, Mechanism, Dosing & Legal Status

A clinical monograph on Cortagen (Ala-Glu-Asp-Pro) — the Khavinson-program 'cytogen' tetrapeptide marketed for nerve repair and neuroprotection. One intriguing rat nerve-regeneration signal, no human RCTs, and an unapproved-research-chemical legal status.

By Marcus Feld, PharmD, BCPS 10 MIN READ
Peptide Encyclopedia

Copper Tripeptide-1: INCI Identity, Evidence & Legal Status

Copper Tripeptide-1 is the cosmetic INCI name for GHK-Cu. This monograph covers its regulatory identity, the CIR safety review, topical skin-penetration science, formulation rules, and the cosmetic-vs-drug line that governs how it can legally be sold.

By Elena Soto, PharmD 9 MIN READ
Peptide Encyclopedia

CJC-1295 No DAC (Mod GRF 1-29): Evidence, Mechanism & Legal Status

A clinical monograph on CJC-1295 without DAC (Mod GRF 1-29) — the short-acting, pulse-preserving GHRH analog. Solid preclinical pharmacology, no human RCT of the no-DAC molecule, and an unsettled 2026 legal status.

By Marcus Feld, PharmD, BCPS 11 MIN READ
Peptide Encyclopedia

CJC-1295 with DAC: Evidence, Mechanism & Legal Status

A clinical monograph on CJC-1295 with DAC — the albumin-tethered, long-acting GHRH analog. Small Phase 1 RCTs prove it raises GH and IGF-1 for days (Grade B), but no clinical-outcome trial exists, and it is unapproved and banned in sport.

By Marcus Feld, PharmD, BCPS 11 MIN READ
Peptide Encyclopedia

Chonluten (EDG): Evidence, Mechanism & Legal Status

A clinical monograph on Chonluten — the Russian "Khavinson" bronchial bioregulator sold as the tripeptide Glu-Asp-Gly (EDG). Single-lab in-vitro data on a related peptide, no human RCT, and an unapproved 2026 legal status.

By Marcus Feld, PharmD, BCPS 10 MIN READ
Peptide Encyclopedia

Cerebrolysin: Evidence, Mechanism, Dosing & Legal Status

A clinical monograph on Cerebrolysin — the porcine-brain-derived neuropeptide mixture studied for stroke, TBI and dementia. A large but deeply contested human-RCT base, no FDA approval, and an unresolved safety signal.

By Marcus Feld, PharmD, BCPS 12 MIN READ
Peptide Encyclopedia

Carnosine: Evidence, Mechanism, Dosing & Legal Status

A clinical monograph on carnosine — the endogenous β-alanyl-L-histidine dipeptide. Strong human evidence for β-alanine-driven exercise capacity and modest glycemic control, undercut by a rapid-hydrolysis pharmacokinetic problem.

By Marcus Feld, PharmD, BCPS 12 MIN READ

Frequently asked about Peptide Encyclopedia

What is a peptide monograph?

A peptide monograph is a single, structured reference page for one peptide. On PeptideVox each monograph covers identity and chemistry, mechanism of action, the indication-by-indication evidence (each graded A-D), reported dosing and routes from the literature, safety and contraindications, and current legal and anti-doping status. Every efficacy claim carries an evidence grade and an inline citation to a real study, regulatory document, or trial registry so you can check the source yourself. The format is informational and editorial — it is not medical advice.

How are peptides graded for evidence?

PeptideVox grades every efficacy claim on an A-D scale. Grade A means human randomized controlled trials or meta-analyses support the claim; grade B means lower-tier human evidence such as cohort or open-label studies; grade C means preclinical only (animal or in-vitro) with no qualifying human efficacy data; and grade D means anecdotal, mechanistic-only or marketing claims with no controlled evidence. Grading is deliberately conservative — preclinical promise never earns an A or B, and the grade always reflects the human-evidence level when human and animal data conflict.

Is the encyclopedia a buying guide?

No. The encyclopedia is strictly informational and editorial. It does not recommend vendors, link to sellers of unapproved peptides, or tell you how to source or self-administer anything. Dosing figures are reported only as they appear in the published literature and clinical or anecdotal use, for completeness — never as a protocol to follow. Many peptides covered here are not FDA-approved, are sold as "research chemicals not for human use," and may be prohibited in sport. Always consult a licensed clinician before any health decision.

Medical Disclaimer · Read in full

PeptideVox is an evidence reference, not medical advice. Nothing here authorizes you to acquire, possess, or self-administer any compound.

01 · Not FDA-approved

The majority of compounds documented here are not approved by the FDA for human use. Approved drugs (e.g. semaglutide, tirzepatide) are noted explicitly and require a licensed prescriber.

02 · Research chemicals

Many peptides — including BPC-157 and GHK-Cu in injectable form — are sold strictly "for research use only — not for human consumption." Purity, identity, and dosing of such products are not regulated or guaranteed.

03 · WADA-prohibited

Several compounds are banned in competitive sport under the WADA Prohibited List. Athletes risk sanction regardless of intent or formulation.

04 · Consult a clinician

Always consult a qualified, licensed healthcare professional before considering any compound. Individual risk depends on your full medical context.

This content is for informational and educational purposes only · No physician–patient relationship is created · Evidence grades reflect published data as of the stated revision and may change.